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Reference: https://www.eccouncil.org/programs/computer-hacking-forensic-investigator-chfi/
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EC-Council 312-49 Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Digital Forensics | - Review Various Anti-Forensic Techniques and Ways to Defeat Them- Anti-Forensics Technique: Data/File Deletion
- What Happens When a File is Deleted in Windows?
- Recycle Bin in Windows
- File Carving
- Anti-Forensics Techniques: Password Protection
- Bypassing Passwords on Powered-off Computer
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Steganography
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Alternate Data Streams
- Anti-Forensics Techniques: Trail Obfuscation
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Artifact Wiping
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Overwriting Data/Metadata
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Encryption
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Program Packers
- Anti-Forensics Techniques that Minimize Footprint
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Exploiting Forensics Tools Bugs
- Anti-Forensics Technique: Detecting Forensic Tool Activities
- Anti-Forensics Countermeasures
- Anti-Forensics Tools
- Analyze Various Files Associated with Windows and Linux and Android Devices - Windows File Analysis
- Metadata Investigation
- Windows ShellBags
- Analyze LNK Files
- Analyze Jump Lists
- Event logs
- File System Analysis using The Sleuth Kit (TSK)
- Linux Memory Forensics
- APFS File System Analysis: Biskus APFS Capture
- Parsing metadata on Spotlight
- Logical Acquisition of Android Devices
- Physical Acquisition of Android Devices
- SQLite Database Extraction
- Challenges in Mobile Forensics
- Analyze various logs and perform network forensics to investigate network attacks - Analyzing Firewall Logs
- Analyzing IDS Logs
- Analyzing Honeypot Logs
- Analyzing Router Logs
- Analyzing DHCP Logs
- Why investigate Network Traffic?
- Gathering evidence via Sniffers
- Sniffing Tool: Tcpdump
- Sniffing Tool: Wireshark
- Analyze Traffic for TCP SYN flood DOS attack
- Analyze Traffic for SYN-FIN flood DOS attack
- Analyze traffic for FTP password cracking attempts
- Analyze traffic for SMB password cracking attempts
- Analyze traffic for sniffing attempts
- Analyze traffic to detect malware activity
- Centralized Logging Using SIEM Solutions
- SIEM Solutions: Splunk Enterprise Security (ES)
- SIEM Solutions: IBM Security QRadar
- Examine Brute-Force Attacks
- Examine DoS Attack
- Examine Malware Activity
- Examine data exfiltration attempts made through FTP
- Examine network scanning attempts
- Examine ransomware attack
- Detect rogue DNS server (DNS hijacking/DNS spoofing)
- Wireless network security vulnerabilities
- Performing attack and vulnerability monitoring
- Detect a rogue access point
- Detect access point MAC spoofing attempts
- Detect misconfigured access point
- Detect honeypot access points
- Detect signal jamming attack
- Analyze Various Logs and Perform Web Application Forensics to Examine Various Web Based Attacks - Investigating Cross-Site Scripting Attack
- Investigating SQL Injection Attack
- Investigating Directory Traversal Attack
- Investigating Command Injection Attack
- Investigating Parameter Tampering Attack
- Investigating XML External Entity Attack
- Investigating Brute Force Attack
- Investigating Cookie Poisoning Attack
- Perform Forensics on Databases, Dark Web, Emails, Cloud and IoT devices - Database Forensics Using SQL Server Management Studio
- Database Forensics Using ApexSQL DBA
- Common Scenario for Reference
- MySQL Forensics for WordPress Website Database: Scenario 1
- MySQL Forensics for WordPress Website Database: Scenario 2
- Tor Browser Forensics: Memory Acquisition
- Collecting Memory Dumps
- Memory Dump Analysis: Bulk Extractor
- Forensic Analysis of Memory Dumps to Examine Email Artifacts (Tor Browser Open)
- Forensic Analysis of Storage to Acquire the Email Attachments (Tor Browser Open)
- Forensic Analysis of Memory Dumps to Examine Email Artifacts (Tor Browser Closed)
- Forensic Analysis of Storage to Acquire the Email Attachments (Tor Browser Closed)
- Forensic Analysis: Tor Browser Uninstalled
- Dark Web Forensics Challenges
- Introduction to email crime investigation
- Steps to investigate email crimes
- Division of Responsibilities
- Where Is the Data Stored in Azure?
- Logs in Azure
- Acquiring A VM in Microsoft Azure
- Acquiring A VM Snapshot Using Azure Portal
- Acquiring A VM Snapshot Using PowerShell
- AWS Forensics
- Wearable IoT Device: Smartwatch
- IoT Device Forensics: Smart Speaker-Amazon Echo
- Perform Static and Dynamic Malware Analysis in a Sandboxed Environment - Malware Analysis: Static
- Analyzing Suspicious MS Office Document
- Analyzing Suspicious PDF Document
- Malware Analysis: Dynamic
- Analyze Malware Behavior on System and Network Level, and Analyze Fileless Malware - System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Registry Artifacts
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Processes
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Windows Services
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Startup Programs
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Windows Event Logs
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring API Calls
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Device Drivers
- System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Files and Folders
- Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Network Activities
- Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Port
- Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring DNS
- Fileless Malware Analysis: Emotet
- Emotet Malware Analysis
- Emotet Malware Analysis: Timeline of the Infection Chain
| 17% |
| Digital Evidence | - Understand the fundamental characteristics and types of digital evidence- Introduction to Digital Evidence
- Types of Digital Evidence
- Characteristics of Digital Evidence
- Role of Digital Evidence
- Sources of Potential Evidence
- Understanding Hard Disk
- Understanding Solid State Drive (SSD)
- RAID Storage System
- NAS/SAN Storage
- Disk Interfaces
- Logical Structure of Disks
- Understand the fundamental concepts and working of desktop and mobile Operating Systems - What is the Booting Process?
- Essential Windows System Files
- Windows Boot Process: BIOS-MBR Method
- Windows Boot Process: UEFI-GPT
- Macintosh Boot Process
- Linux Boot Process
- Windows File Systems
- Linux File Systems
- Mac OS X File Systems
- MAC Forensics Data
- MAC Log Files
- MAC Directories
- CD-ROM / DVD File System
- Virtual File System (VFS) and Universal Disk Format File System (UDF)
- Architectural Layers of Mobile Device Environment
- Android Architecture Stack
- Android Boot Process
- iOS Architecture
- iOS Boot Process
- Mobile Storage and Evidence Locations
- Mobile Phone Evidence Analysis
- Data Acquisition Methods
- Components of Cellular Network
- Different Cellular Networks
- Cell Site Analysis: Analyzing Service Provider Data
- CDR Contents
- Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
- Different types of network-based evidence
- Understand different types of logs and their importance in forensic investigations - Understanding Events
- Types of Logon Events
- Event Log File Format
- Organization of Event Records
- ELF_LOGFILE_HEADER structure
- EventLogRecord Structure
- Windows 10 Event Logs
- Other Audit Events
- Evaluating Account Management Events
- Log files as evidence
- Legal criteria for admissibility of logs as evidence
- Guidelines to ensure log file credibility and usability
- Ensure log file authenticity
- Maintain log file integrity
- Implement centralized log management
- IIS Web Server Architecture
- IIS Logs
- Analyzing IIS Logs
- Apache Web Server Architecture
- Apache Web Server Logs
- Apache Access Logs
- Apache Error Logs
- Understand various encoding standards and analyze various file types - Character Encoding Standard: ASCII
- Character Encoding Standard: UNICODE
- OFFSET
- Understanding Hex Editors
- Understanding Hexadecimal Notation
- Image File Analysis: JPEG
- Image File Analysis: BMP
- Understanding EXIF data
- Hex View of Popular Image File Formats
- PDF File Analysis
- Word File Analysis
- PowerPoint File Analysis
- Excel File Analysis
- Hex View of Other Popular File Formats
- Understand the fundamental working of WAF and MySQL Database - Web Application Firewall (WAF)
- Benefits of WAF
- Limitations of WAF
- Data Storage in SQL Server
- Database Evidence Repositories
- MySQL Forensics
- Viewing the Information Schema
- MySQL Utility Programs for Forensic Analysis
| 17% |
| Procedures and Methodology | - Understand Forensic Investigation Process- Forensic investigation process
- Importance of the Forensic investigation process
- Setting up a computer forensics lab
- Building the investigation team
- Understanding the hardware and software requirements of a forensic lab
- Validating laboratory software and hardware
- Ensuring quality assurance
- First response basics
- First response by non-forensics staff
- First response by system/network administrators
- First response by laboratory forensics staff
- Documenting the electronic crime scene
- Search and seizure
- Evidence preservation
- Data acquisition
- Data analysis
- Case analysis
- Reporting
- Testify as an expert witness
- Generating Investigation Report
- Mobile Forensics Process
- Mobile Forensics Report Template
- Sample Mobile Forensic Analysis Worksheet
- Understand the methodology to acquire data from different types of evidence - Data Acquisition Methodology
- Step 1: Determine the Best Data Acquisition Method
- Step 2: Select the Data Acquisition Tool
- Step 3: Sanitize the Target Media
- Step 4: Acquire Volatile Data
- Acquire Data From a Hard Disk
- Remote Data Acquisition
- Step 5: Enable Write Protection on the Evidence Media
- Step 6: Acquire Non-Volatile Data
- Step 7: Plan for Contingency
- Step 8: Validate Data Acquisition Using
- Collecting Volatile Information
- Collecting Non-Volatile Information
- Collecting Volatile Database Data
- Collecting Primary Data File and Active Transaction Logs Using SQLCMD
- Collecting Primary Data File and Transaction Logs
- Collecting Active Transaction Logs Using SQL Server Management Studio
- Collecting Database Plan Cache
- Collecting Windows Logs
- Collecting SQL Server Trace Files
- Collecting SQL Server Error Logs
- Illustrate Image/Evidence Examination and Event Correlation - Getting an Image Ready for Examination
- Viewing an Image on a Windows, Linux and Mac Forensic Workstations
- Windows Memory Analysis
- Windows Registry Analysis
- File System Analysis Using Autopsy
- File System Analysis Using The Sleuth Kit (TSK)
- Event Correlation
- Types of Event Correlation
- Prerequisites of Event Correlation
- Event Correlation Approaches
- Explain Dark Web and Malware Forensics - Dark web forensics
- Identifying TOR Browser Artifacts: Command Prompt
- Identifying TOR Browser Artifacts: Windows Registry
- Identifying TOR Browser Artifacts: Prefetch Files
- Introduction to Malware Forensics
- Why Analyze Malware?
- Malware Analysis Challenges
- Identifying and Extracting Malware
- Prominence of Setting up a Controlled Malware Analysis Lab
- Preparing Testbed for Malware Analysis
- Supporting Tools for Malware Analysis
- General Rules for Malware Analysis
- Documentation Before Analysis
- Types of Malware Analysis
| 17% |
| Regulations, Policies and Ethics | - Understand rules and regulations pertaining to search & seizure of the evidence, and evidence examination- Rules of Evidence
- Best Evidence Rule
- Federal Rules of Evidence
- Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE)
- ACPO Principles of Digital Evidence
- Seeking Consent
- Obtaining Witness Signatures
- Obtaining Warrant for Search and Seizure
- Searches Without a Warrant
- Initial Search of the Scene
- Preserving Evidence
- Chain of Custody
- Sanitize the Target Media
- Records of Regularly Conducted Activity as Evidence
- Division of Responsibilities
- Understand different laws and legal issues that impact forensic investigations - Computer Forensics: Legal Issues
- Computer Forensics: Privacy Issues
- Computer Forensics and Legal Compliance
- Other Laws that May Influence Computer Forensics
- U.S. Laws Against Email Crime: CAN-SPAM Act
| 15% |
| Tools/Systems/ Programs | - - Identify various tools to investigate Operating Systems including Windows, Linux, Mac, Android and iOS
- File System Analysis Tools
- File Format Analyzing Tools
- Volatile Data Acquisition Tools
- Non-Volatile Data Acquisition Tools
- Data Acquisition Validation Tools
- Tools for Examining Images on Windows
- Tools for Examining Images on Linux
- Tools for Examining Images on Mac
- Tools for Carving Files on Windows
- Tools for Carving Files on Linux
- Tools for Carving Files on Mac
- Recovering Deleted Partitions: Using R-Studio
- Recovering Deleted Partitions: Using EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard
- Partition Recovery Tools
- Using Rainbow Tables to Crack Hashed Passwords
- Password Cracking Using: L0phtCrack and Ophcrack
- Password Cracking Using Cain & Abel and RainbowCrack
- Password Cracking Using pwdump7
- Password Cracking Tools
- Tool to Reset Admin Password
- Steganography Detection Tools
- Detecting Data Hiding in File System Structures Using OSForensics
- ADS Detection Tools
- Detecting File Extension Mismatch using Autopsy
- Tools to detect Overwritten Data/Metadata
- Program Packers Unpacking Tools
- USB Device Enumeration using Windows PowerShell
- Tools to Collect Volatile Information
- Tools to Non-Collect Volatile Information
- Tools to perform windows memory and registry analysis
- Tools to examine the cache, Cookie and history recorded in web browsers
- Tools to Examine Windows Files and Metadata
- Tools to Examine ShellBags, LNK files and Jump Lists
- Tools to Collect Volatile Information on Linux
- Tools to Collect Non-Volatile Information on Linux
- Linux File system Analysis Tools
- Tools to Perform Linux Memory Forensics
- APFS File System Analysis
- Parsing metadata on Spotlight
- MAC Forensic Tools
- Network Traffic Investigation Tools
- Incident Detection and Examination with SIEM tools
- Detect and Investigate Various Attacks on Web Applications by Examining Various Logs
- Tools to Identify TOR Artifacts
- Tools to Acquire Memory Dumps
- Tools to Examine the Memory Dumps
- Tools to Perform Static Malware Analysis
- Tools to Analyze Suspicious Word and PDF documents
- Tools to Perform Static Malware Analysis
- Tools to Analyze Malware Behavior on a System
- Tools to Analyze Malware Behavior on a Network
- Tools to Perform Logical Acquisition on Android and iOS devices
- Tools to Perform Physical Acquisition on Android and iOS devices
- Determine the various tools to investigate MSSQL, MySQL, Azure, AWS, Emails and IoT devices - Tools to Collect and Examine the Evidence Files on MSSQL Server
- Tools to Collect and Examine the Evidence Files on MySQL Server
- Investigating Microsoft Azure
- Investigating AWS
- Tools to Acquire Email Data
- Tools to Acquire Deleted Emails
- Tools to Perform Forensics on IoT devices
| 16% |
| Topic | Details | Weights |
| Forensic Science | - Understand different types of cybercrimes and list various forensic investigations challenges- Types of Computer Crimes
- Impact of Cybercrimes at Organizational Level
- Cyber Crime Investigation
- Challenges Cyber Crimes Present for Investigators
- Network Attacks
- Indicators of Compromise (IOC)
- Web Application Threats
- Challenges in Web Application Forensics
- Indications of a Web Attack
- What is Anti-Forensics?
- Anti-Forensics Techniques
- Understand the fundamentals of computer forensics and determine the roles and responsibilities of forensic investigators - Understanding Computer Forensics
- Need for Computer Forensics
- Why and When Do You Use Computer Forensics?
- Forensic Readiness
- Forensic Readiness and Business Continuity
- Forensics Readiness Planning
- Incident Response
- Computer Forensics as part of Incident Response Plan
- Overview of Incident Response Process Flow
- Role of SOC in Computer Forensics
- Need for Forensic Investigator
- Roles and Responsibilities of Forensics Investigator
- What makes a Good Computer Forensics Investigator?
- Code of Ethics
- Accessing Computer Forensics Resources
- Other Factors That Influence Forensic Investigations
- Introduction to Web Application Forensics
- Introduction to Network Forensics
- Postmortem and Real-Time Analys
- Understand data acquisition concepts and rules - Understanding Data Acquisition
- Live Acquisition
- Order of Volatility
- Dead Acquisition
- Rules of Thumb for Data Acquisition
- Types of Data Acquisition
- Determine the Data Acquisition Format
- Understand the fundamental concepts and working of databases, cloud computing, Emails, IOT, Malware (file and fileless), and dark web - Understanding Dark Web
- TOR Relays
- How TOR Browser works
- TOR Bridge Node
- Internal architecture of MySQL
- Structure of data directory
- Introduction to Cloud Computing
- Types of Cloud Computing Services
- Cloud Deployment Models
- Cloud Computing Threats
- Cloud Computing Attacks
- Introduction to an email system
- Components involved in email communication
- How email communication works
- Understanding parts of an email message
- Introduction to Malware
- Components of Malware
- Common Techniques Attackers Use to Distribute Malware across Web
- Introduction to Fileless Malware
- Infection Chain of Fileless Malware
- How Fileless Attack Works via Memory Exploits
- How Fileless Attack Happens Via Websites
- How Fileless Attack Happens Via Documents
- What is IoT?
- IoT Architecture
- IoT Security Problems
- OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities
- IoT Threats
- IoT Attack Surface Areas
| 18% |
312-49 Topic Areas
The EC-Council 312-49 exam is based on the technical objectives listed below:
- Procedures and Methodology;
- Digital Forensics;
- Forensic Science;
- Digital Evidence.
- Regulations, Policies, and Ethics;
- Tools/Systems/Programs;