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NEW QUESTION # 53
Given: Your network includes a controller-based WLAN architecture with centralized data forwarding. The AP builds an encrypted tunnel to the WLAN controller. The WLAN controller is uplinked to the network via a trunked 1 Gbps Ethernet port supporting all necessary VLANs for management, control, and client traffic.
What processes can be used to force an authenticated WLAN client's data traffic into a specific VLAN as it exits the WLAN controller interface onto the wired uplink? (Choose 3)

• A. During 802.1X authentication, RADIUS sends a return list attribute to the WLAN controller assigning the user and all traffic to a specific VLAN.
• B. In the WLAN controller's local user database, create a static username-to-VLAN mapping on the WLAN controller to direct data traffic from a specific user to a designated VLAN.
• C. Configure the WLAN controller with static SSID-to-VLAN mappings; the user will be assigned to a VLAN according to the SSID being used.
• D. On the Ethernet switch that connects to the AP, configure the switch port as an access port (not trunking) in the VLAN of supported clients.

Answer: A,B,C

Explanation:
Client VLAN assignment at the controller can be achieved through:
B). RADIUS attributes (e.g., Tunnel-Private-Group-ID) for dynamic VLAN assignment.
C). Static mappings in the WLAN controller's local user DB.
D). SSID-to-VLAN bindings assign traffic from specific SSIDs to specific VLANs.
Incorrect:
A). The AP connects to the controller over a tunneled link. VLAN configuration at the AP's Ethernet port does not impact client VLAN assignment in centralized forwarding mode.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 6 (Dynamic VLAN Assignment)
CWNP WLAN Controller Configuration Guides

NEW QUESTION # 54
What statement is true regarding the nonces (ANonce and SNonce) used in the IEEE 802.11 4 Way Handshake?

• A. Nonces are sent in EAPoL frames to indicate to the receiver that the sending station has installed and validated the encryption keys.
• B. The nonces are created by combining the MAC addresses of the Supplicant, Authenticator, and Authentication Server into a mixing algorithm.
• C. Both nonces are used by the Supplicant and Authenticator in the derivation of a single PTK.
• D. The Supplicant uses the SNonce to derive its unique PTK and the Authenticator uses the ANonce to derive its unique PTK, but the nonces are not shared.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The PTK derivation requires:
PMK
ANonce (generated by the Authenticator)
SNonce (generated by the Supplicant)
MAC addresses of both Authenticator and Supplicant
Both the Supplicant and Authenticator derive the same PTK using identical inputs during the 4-Way Handshake.
Incorrect:
B). The nonces are shared-each party uses both ANonce and SNonce.
C). Nonces indicate no such validation message.
D). The MACs are part of the PTK input but not used to generate the nonces themselves.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 3 (4-Way Handshake)
IEEE 802.11i Key Management Process

NEW QUESTION # 55
What elements should be addressed by a WLAN security policy? (Choose 2)

• A. Enabling encryption to prevent MAC addresses from being sent in clear text
• B. The exact passwords to be used for administration interfaces on infrastructure devices
• C. End-user training for password selection and acceptable network use
• D. How to prevent non-IT employees from learning about and reading the user security policy
• E. Social engineering recognition and mitigation techniques

Answer: C,E

Explanation:
A strong WLAN security policy should encompass both technical controls and user education.
C). Educating users about secure password creation and acceptable use policies helps reduce risks due to weak authentication and misuse.
E). Social engineering is a common attack vector, and educating users to recognize and report such attempts is critical.
Incorrect:
A). MAC addresses are always transmitted in the clear, even with encryption.
B). Policies should be shared with users to promote compliance and awareness.
D). Passwords for administrative systems should not be disclosed in public documentation or policy documents.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 2 (Security Policies and End-User Training) CWNP WLAN Security Policy Templates

NEW QUESTION # 56
Wireless Intrusion Prevention Systems (WIPS) provide what network security services? (Choose 2)

• A. Application-layer traffic inspection
• B. Policy enforcement and compliance management
• C. Configuration distribution for autonomous APs
• D. Analysis and reporting of AP CPU utilization
• E. Wireless vulnerability assessment

Answer: B,E

Explanation:
WIPS systems provide proactive security by continuously scanning for threats and ensuring WLAN policy compliance. Their capabilities include:
B). Wireless vulnerability assessment: Scanning for misconfigured APs, weak encryption, and unauthorized devices.
E). Policy enforcement and compliance: Ensuring security settings adhere to enterprise or regulatory requirements and alerting on deviations.
Other options like application-layer inspection and AP CPU monitoring are outside the WIPS function scope.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 7 - WIPS Services and Capabilities
CWNP CWSP-208 Objectives: "WIPS Threat Mitigation and Enforcement"

NEW QUESTION # 57
What type of WLAN attack is prevented with the use of a per-MPDU TKIP sequence counter (TSC)?

• A. Bit-flipping
• B. Session hijacking
• C. Weak-IV
• D. Forgery
• E. Replay

Answer: E

Explanation:
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) was introduced with WPA to enhance WEP security. One of the security mechanisms used in TKIP is a per-MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) sequence counter called the TSC (TKIP Sequence Counter). The TSC acts as a form of replay protection by assigning a unique sequence number to each transmitted frame. If a packet is received with a sequence number lower than or equal to a previously received number, it is discarded. This directly prevents replay attacks, where a malicious actor resends previously captured frames in an attempt to spoof the session or extract data.
References:
CWSP-208 Official Study Guide, Chapter 5 (WLAN Threats and Attacks)
CWNP Exam Objectives: WLAN Encryption and Key Management
IEEE 802.11i-2004 standard (Replay protection mechanisms in TKIP)

NEW QUESTION # 58
What field in the RSN information element (IE) will indicate whether PSK- or Enterprise-based WPA or WPA2 is in use?

• A. Group Cipher Suite
• B. Pairwise Cipher Suite List
• C. RSN Capabilities
• D. AKM Suite List

Answer: D

Explanation:
The AKM (Authentication and Key Management) Suite List field within the RSN Information Element defines which authentication methods are supported by the AP. This field distinguishes between PSK (Pre- Shared Key) and Enterprise (802.1X) modes:
AKM Suite OUI 00-0F-AC:1 = WPA2-Personal (PSK)
AKM Suite OUI 00-0F-AC:2 = WPA2-Enterprise (802.1X)
By examining this field in Beacon or Probe Response frames, a protocol analyzer can determine the authentication method enforced by the BSS.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 6 - RSN IE Fields and Analysis
CWNP CWSP-208 Objectives: "RSN IE Analysis" and "Authentication Methods Identification"

NEW QUESTION # 59
What TKIP feature was introduced to counter the weak integrity check algorithm used in WEP?

• A. Block cipher support
• B. RC5 stream cipher
• C. 32-bit ICV (CRC-32)
• D. Michael
• E. Sequence counters

Answer: D

Explanation:
TKIP (used with WPA) introduced "Michael" as a message integrity check (MIC) algorithm to replace the insecure CRC-32 used in WEP. Michael:
Adds tamper protection to each packet.
Helps detect packet forgery.
Incorrect:
A). CRC-32 was used in WEP and proven weak.
B). Sequence counters help prevent replay attacks, not integrity checking.
C). RC5 is not used in WLAN security.
E). TKIP does not support block ciphers-it uses RC4, a stream cipher.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 3 (TKIP Security Features)

NEW QUESTION # 60
Joe's new laptop is experiencing difficulty connecting to ABC Company's 802.11 WLAN using 802.1X/EAP PEAPv0. The company's wireless network administrator assured Joe that his laptop was authorized in the WIPS management console for connectivity to ABC's network before it was given to him. The WIPS termination policy includes alarms for rogue stations, roque APs, DoS attacks and unauthorized roaming.
What is a likely reason that Joe cannot connect to the network?

• A. An ASLEAP attack has been detected on APs to which Joe's laptop was trying to associate. The WIPS responded by disabling the APs.
• B. Joe disabled his laptop's integrated 802.11 radio and is using a personal PC card radio with a different chipset, drivers, and client utilities.
• C. Joe configured his 802.11 radio card to transmit at 100 mW to increase his SNR. The WIPS is detecting this much output power as a DoS attack.
• D. Joe's integrated 802.11 radio is sending multiple Probe Request frames on each channel.

Answer: B

Explanation:
WIPS systems often enforce policies based on MAC addresses and associated hardware fingerprints. If Joe uses a different wireless adapter than the one authorized, it may trigger a rogue device or unauthorized client alarm-even if it's the same laptop. This behavior is common in environments with strict WIPS enforcement policies.

NEW QUESTION # 61
Given: Fred works primarily from home and public wireless hot-spots rather than commuting to the office. He frequently accesses the office network remotely from his Mac laptop using the local 802.11 WLAN.
In this remote scenario, what single wireless security practice will provide the greatest security for Fred?

• A. Use enterprise WIPS on the corporate office network
• B. Use secure protocols, such as FTP, for remote file transfers.
• C. Use only HTTPS when agreeing to acceptable use terms on public networks
• D. Use an IPSec VPN for connectivity to the office network
• E. Use 802.1X/PEAPv0 to connect to the corporate office network from public hot-spots
• F. Use WIPS sensor software on the laptop to monitor for risks and attacks

Answer: D

Explanation:
When connecting over untrusted public networks:
An IPSec VPN provides encryption and authentication from the client to the corporate network.
This protects against eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and spoofed hotspots.
Incorrect:
B). HTTPS only protects web sessions-not all traffic.
C). Enterprise WIPS at the office won't protect remote users.
D). Laptop-based WIPS software is rare and less effective than using a VPN.
E). 802.1X/PEAP is not designed for remote use over public hotspots.
F). FTP is not secure; secure alternatives include SFTP or FTPS.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 6 (VPNs and Remote Security)
CWNP Remote Access Security Best Practices

NEW QUESTION # 62
What is a primary criteria for a network to qualify as a Robust Security Network (RSN)?

• A. Dynamic WEP-104 encryption must be enabled.
• B. WEP may not be used for encryption.
• C. Token cards must be used for authentication.
• D. WPA-Personal must be supported for authentication and encryption.
• E. WLAN controllers and APs must not support SSHv1.

Answer: B

Explanation:
A Robust Security Network (RSN) is defined by the IEEE 802.11i standard and is designed to provide a framework for secure wireless LAN communications. One of the primary criteria for a network to qualify as an RSN is that WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) must not be used for encryption, as WEP has well-known vulnerabilities and is considered insecure. RSN-compliant networks must use either CCMP (AES) or GCMP for encryption and 802.1X/EAP or WPA2-Personal for authentication.
Incorrect:
A). Token cards are not part of RSN criteria.
B). Dynamic WEP is still WEP and disqualifies RSN status.
D). WPA-Personal may be supported, but alone does not define an RSN.
E). SSHv1 concerns device management security, not RSN qualification.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 3 (Robust Security Networks)
IEEE 802.11i Standard
CWNP Exam Objectives: Security Standards and Protocols

NEW QUESTION # 63
Given: A WLAN protocol analyzer trace reveals the following sequence of frames (excluding the ACK frames):
1) 802.11 Probe Req and 802.11 Probe Rsp
2) 802.11 Auth and then another 802.11 Auth
3) 802.11 Assoc Req and 802.11 Assoc Rsp
4) EAPOL-KEY
5) EAPOL-KEY
6) EAPOL-KEY
7) EAPOL-KEY
What security mechanism is being used on the WLAN?

• A. WEP-128
• B. 802.1X/LEAP
• C. WPA-Enterprise
• D. WPA2-Personal
• E. EAP-TLS

Answer: D

Explanation:
The key clue in this sequence is the four EAPOL-Key frames, which indicate a 4-way handshake - a hallmark of WPA and WPA2 authentication processes. There is no EAP exchange preceding the 4-way handshake, which eliminates WPA/WPA2-Enterprise and 802.1X/EAP methods. This points directly to WPA2-Personal, where PSK (Pre-Shared Key) is used and there is no EAP exchange before key generation.
Also, the second "Auth" frame suggests Open System Authentication was used, which is typical for RSN- based networks (not Shared Key as in WEP).
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 6 - Frame Analysis and 4-Way Handshake
CWNP CWSP-208 Objectives: "Identify WPA/WPA2 Operation from Frame Traces"

NEW QUESTION # 64
Given: An 802.1X/EAP implementation includes an Active Directory domain controller running Windows Server 2012 and an AP from a major vendor. A Linux server is running RADIUS and it queries the domain controller for user credentials. A Windows client is accessing the network.
What device functions as the EAP Supplicant?

• A. An unlisted switch
• B. Linux server
• C. An unlisted WLAN controller
• D. Windows server
• E. Windows client
• F. Access point

Answer: E

Explanation:
In an 802.1X/EAP authentication model:
Supplicant: The device requesting access (the Windows client).
Authenticator: The AP or switch enforcing access decisions.
Authentication Server: The RADIUS server (Linux in this case), which communicates with a backend credential database (Active Directory).
The Windows client runs the EAP supplicant software to initiate authentication.
Incorrect:
A). The Linux server is the Authentication Server (not Supplicant).
C). The AP acts as the Authenticator.
D). The Windows Server is the credential store, not the supplicant.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 4 (802.1X Roles and Communication)
CWNP 802.1X Architecture Diagram

NEW QUESTION # 65
Given: Your network implements an 802.1X/EAP-based wireless security solution. A WLAN controller is installed and manages seven APs. FreeRADIUS is used for the RADIUS server and is installed on a dedicated server named SRV21. One example client is a MacBook Pro with 8 GB RAM.
What device functions as the 802.1X/EAP Authenticator?

• A. WLAN Controller/AP
• B. MacBook Pro
• C. SRV21
• D. RADIUS server

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
In the 802.1X/EAP framework:
The Authenticator is the device that controls access to the network - typically the AP or WLAN controller.
The Authenticator passes EAP messages between the Supplicant (client) and the Authentication Server (RADIUS).
Incorrect:
A). SRV21 is the RADIUS server (Authentication Server), not the Authenticator.
C). The MacBook Pro is the Supplicant.
D). RADIUS server handles Authentication, not Authenticator functionality.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 4 (802.1X Architecture Roles)
CWNP AAA and Authentication Design

NEW QUESTION # 66
What wireless security protocol provides mutual authentication without using an X.509 certificate?

• A. PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2
• B. EAP-TTLS
• C. EAP-TLS
• D. PEAPv1/EAP-GTC
• E. EAP-FAST
• F. EAP-MD5

Answer: E

Explanation:
EAP-FAST (Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling) provides:
Mutual authentication using Protected Access Credentials (PACs).
Does not require X.509 certificates for either client or server (although optional for servers).
Is faster and easier to deploy in environments lacking a PKI.
Incorrect:
B). EAP-MD5 provides no mutual authentication.
C). EAP-TLS requires client and server certificates.
D). PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 requires a server certificate.
E). EAP-TTLS requires a server certificate.
F). PEAPv1/EAP-GTC still requires a server certificate.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 4 (EAP Method Comparisons)
Cisco EAP-FAST Whitepaper
Wi-Fi Alliance EAP Interoperability Matrix

NEW QUESTION # 67
Given: The Aircrack-ng WLAN software tool can capture and transmit modified 802.11 frames over the wireless network. It comes pre-installed on Kali Linux and some other Linux distributions.
What are three uses for such a tool? (Choose 3)

• A. Auditing the configuration and functionality of a WIPS by simulating common attack sequences
• B. Cracking the authentication or encryption processes implemented poorly in some WLANs
• C. Transmitting a deauthentication frame to disconnect a user from the AP.
• D. Probing the RADIUS server and authenticator to expose the RADIUS shared secret

Answer: A,B,C

Explanation:
Aircrack-ng is a versatile toolset commonly used for WLAN penetration testing and security auditing. Its capabilities include:
A). Injecting deauth frames to simulate or test disconnection scenarios.
B). Testing WIPS responsiveness by simulating common attack frames.
D). Performing dictionary and brute-force attacks against weakly protected networks (e.g., WPA2-PSK with a weak passphrase).
Incorrect:
C). Aircrack-ng does not probe or test RADIUS shared secrets.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 7 (Tools and Wireless Attacks)
Aircrack-ng Documentation (https://www.aircrack-ng.org/)
CWNP Attack Simulation Labs

NEW QUESTION # 68
Given: Mary has just finished troubleshooting an 802.11g network performance problem using a laptop-based WLAN protocol analyzer. The wireless network implements 802.1X/PEAP and the client devices are authenticating properly. When Mary disables the WLAN protocol analyzer, configures her laptop for PEAP authentication, and then tries to connect to the wireless network, she is unsuccessful. Before using the WLAN protocol analyzer, Mary's laptop connected to the network without any problems.
What statement indicates why Mary cannot access the network from her laptop computer?

• A. The protocol analyzer's network interface card (NIC) drivers are still loaded and do not support the version of PEAP being used.
• B. The PEAP client's certificate was voided when the protocol analysis software assumed control of the wireless adapter.
• C. The nearby WIPS sensor categorized Mary's protocol analyzer adapter as a threat and is performing a deauthentication flood against her computer.
• D. Mary's supplicant software is using PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2, and the access point is using PEAPv1
  /EAP-GTC.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Many protocol analyzers require special drivers or place the NIC into monitor/promiscuous mode. When used this way, the original driver stack may be altered or replaced. Afterward, if not correctly reloaded, the adapter may lack full 802.1X support or required encryption features. This is likely the case here - Mary's WLAN adapter is still under the control of or affected by the analyzer's NIC driver, which doesn't support PEAP properly.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 6 - Protocol Analysis Limitations and NIC Driver Issues CWNP CWSP-208 Objectives: "Troubleshooting WLAN Authentication and Driver Conflicts"

NEW QUESTION # 69
You are using a utility that takes input and generates random output. For example, you can provide the input of a known word as a secret word and then also provide another known word as salt input. When you process the input it generates a secret code which is a combination of letters and numbers with case sensitivity. For what is the described utility used? (Choose 3)

• A. Generating passphrases for WLAN systems secured with WPA2-Personal
• B. Generating dynamic session keys used for IPSec VPNs
• C. Generating PMKs that can be imported into 802.11 RSN-compatible devices
• D. Generating passwords for WLAN infrastructure equipment logins
• E. Generating secret keys for RADIUS servers and WLAN infrastructure devices

Answer: A,C,E

Explanation:
A utility that combines a secret and salt to generate a random string is effectively a key derivation tool. It can be used to:
Generate PMKs (Pairwise Master Keys) to preload ready-made keys into RSN devices Generate shared secrets (e.g., RADIUS shared secrets, WLAN controller keys) Create strong passphrases for WPA2-Personal networks Using it for IPSec session keys is less common (those are usually dynamically negotiated), and creating management passwords is possible but not the main us

NEW QUESTION # 70
What disadvantage does EAP-TLS have when compared with PEAPv0 EAP/MSCHAPv2 as an 802.11 WLAN security solution?

• A. Fast/secure roaming in an 802.11 RSN is significantly longer when EAP-TLS is in use.
• B. EAP-TLS requires extensive PKI use to create X.509 certificates for both the server and all clients, which increases administrative overhead.
• C. EAP-TLS cannot establish a secure tunnel for internal EAP authentication.
• D. EAP-TLS does not protect the client's username and password inside an encrypted tunnel.
• E. EAP-TLS is supported only by Cisco wireless infrastructure and client devices.

Answer: B

Explanation:
EAP-TLS is considered one of the most secure EAP types, but:
It requires a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
Every client device must have a unique certificate, adding to administrative burden and cost.
Incorrect:
A). Roaming speed is not inherently slower with EAP-TLS if supported by the infrastructure.
B). EAP-TLS protects client credentials; passwords aren't even used-it uses certificates.
C). EAP-TLS does establish a secure tunnel-it's the original TLS-based method.
D). EAP-TLS is vendor-agnostic and supported by most enterprise WLAN infrastructure.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 4 (EAP Comparison and TLS Overview)
CWNP EAP Method Deployment Guide

NEW QUESTION # 71
You work as the security administrator for your organization. In relation to the WLAN, you are viewing a dashboard that shows security threat, policy compliance and rogue threat charts. What type of system is in view?

• A. Distributed RF Spectrum Analyzer
• B. Wireless Intrusion Prevention System
• C. Wireless VPN Management Systems
• D. Wireshark Protocol Analyzer
• E. WLAN Emulation System

Answer: B

Explanation:
A WIPS (Wireless Intrusion Prevention System) is designed to monitor WLAN activity and provide visualization and reporting related to:
Security threats (e.g., DoS attacks, rogue devices)
Policy compliance (e.g., allowed SSIDs, encryption types)
Rogue threat classification (e.g., rogue, neighbor, ad hoc)
The dashboard displaying this type of security-centric overview is characteristic of a WIPS platform.
References:
CWSP-208 Study Guide, Chapter 7 - WIPS Visualization and Monitoring
CWNP CWSP-208 Objectives: "Threat Visualization and Reporting"

NEW QUESTION # 72
......

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